投资 · 创业者自述
塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯：节俭·摘录 123
塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯《节俭》· Thrift · 投资
When the Normans took possession of England, they continued slavery. They made slaves of the Saxons themselves whom they decreed villeins and bondsmen. Domesday Book shows that the toll of the market at Lewes in Sussex was a penny for a cow, and fourpence for a slave--not a serf (_adscriptus glebae_), but an unconditional bondsman. From that time slavery continued in various forms. It is recorded of "the good old times," that it was not till the reign of Henry IV. (1320--1413) that villeins, farmers, and mechanics were permitted by law to put their children to school; and long after that, they dared not educate a son for the Church without a licence from the lord.[1] The Kings of England, in their contests with the feudal aristocracy, gradually relaxed the slave laws. They granted charters founding Royal Burghs; and when the slaves fled into them, and were able to conceal themselves for a year and a day, they then became freemen of the burgh, and were declared by law to be free.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14418
定位：Excerpt 123 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
诺曼人征服英格兰后继续实行奴隶制，把撒克逊人定为农奴和奴隶。《末日审判书》记载，刘易斯市场一头牛交税一便士，一个奴隶四便士，而且是无条件奴隶。直到亨利四世时期，农夫和工匠才被允许送孩子上学；很久以后，没有领主许可，他们还不能培养儿子进教会。英国国王与封建贵族斗争时逐渐放宽奴隶法，授予皇家自治市特许状：奴隶逃进去躲满一年零一天，就成为自由民，法律宣布他们自由。斯迈尔斯想说明，自由是逐步争取来的，劳动阶层应珍惜并继续提升自己。
上下文
斯迈尔斯讲述诺曼征服后英格兰的奴隶制，以及国王通过自治市特许状逐步解放奴隶的历史。
今日一问
我是否意识到今天享有的权利是前人逐步争取的？我可以怎样为身边人的自由和机会做一点事？
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