本杰明·富兰克林自传·补录 10 · 本杰明·富兰克林

This bookish inclination at length determined my father to make me a printer, though he had already one son (James) of that profession. In 1717 my brother James returned from England with a press and letters to set up his business in Boston. I liked it much better than that of my father, but still had a hankering for the sea. To prevent the apprehended effect of such an inclination, my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded, and signed the indentures when I was yet but twelve years old. I was to serve as an apprentice till I was twenty-one years of age, only I was to be allowed journeyman's wages during the last year. In a little time I made great proficiency in the business, and became a useful hand to my brother. I now had access to better books. An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the morning, lest it should be missed or wanted.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/148
定位：Additional excerpt 10 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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富兰克林爱读书的倾向，最终让父亲决定让他当印刷工，尽管他已有哥哥詹姆斯干这行。1717年詹姆斯从英国带回印刷机和铅字，在波士顿开业。富兰克林喜欢印刷胜过父亲的手艺，但仍向往出海。父亲怕他跑船，急着让他跟哥哥签学徒契约。他拖了一阵，最后被说服，十二岁签了契约，要干到二十一岁，最后一年才拿帮工工资。他很快上手，成了哥哥的好帮手，也借此读到更好的书：常向书商学徒借小书，小心按时还干净，有时借书当晚读到深夜，怕第二天人家要用。

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《富兰克林自传》讲述他十二岁签学徒契约、进入印刷业的经过。

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公版传记；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 巢元方《诸病源候论》

肾主水，脾主土。若脾虚则不能克制于水，肾虚则水气流溢，散于皮肤，故令身体浮肿。若气血俱涩，则多变为水病也。

肾主水，脾主土。脾虚就不能制约水，肾虚水气就流溢，散布到皮肤，所以身体浮肿。如果气血都涩滞，多会变成水病。核心是水肿与脾肾两虚、水湿不化有关。做法：健脾温肾、利水化湿，饮食少盐少生冷，避免过劳伤脾肾；浮肿时及早调理气血，防止发展成水病。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

場功過限，竊者不刑。「所以競之於閉藏也。先王藉田以力，任力以夫，議其老幼，度其遠近，種有常時，耘有常節，收有常期，此賞罰之本。種不當時，耘不及節，收不應期者，必加其罰；苗實踰等，必加其賞也。農益地辟，則吏受大賞也；農損地狹，則吏受重罰也。夫火之焚人也，甚於怠農；慎火之力也，輕於耘秬。通邑大都，有嚴」《令則火稀》。無嚴令則燒者數。非賞罰不能濟也。《皇后親蠶頌》韋誕「于時明庶扇物，鳥帑昏正，躬耕帝藉，邁德班令。嘉柔桑之肇敷，思郊廟之至敬。…

这段讲先王用制度保障农业：按劳力分田，照顾老幼，计算远近，种、耘、收都有固定时节，这是赏罚的根本。种不及时、耘不按节、收不按期，要罚；苗长得超等，要赏。农地增加，官吏受大赏；农地减少，官吏受重罚。还拿防火打比方：火烧人比怠农更急，但防火的力气比除草轻；大城市有严令火灾就少，没严令就常烧。说明赏罚不能省。核心是：农业管理要细化到时节和地块，用赏罚驱动官吏和农民。

事业 · 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯《自助论》

What a solemn and striking admonition to youth is that inscribed on the dial at All Souls, Oxford—“Pereunt et imputantur”—the hours perish, and are laid to our charge. Time is the only little fragment of Eternity that…

时间一旦过去就再也追不回来，而且每一分钟都会记在我们账上，要我们负责。牛津大学万灵学院日晷上刻着“时光消逝，责任难逃”，就是提醒年轻人：时间属于永恒中唯一归你支配的一小段，浪费了没法用明天的几分钟补今天的亏空。所以聪明人会把时间当本钱，像梅兰希顿那样记下自己浪费了多少时间，好提醒自己别再虚度；像巴克斯特那样，直接告诉来访者“你们确实在占用我的时间”。把时间看成自己的产业，才能用它积累出思想和成就。

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