安德鲁·卡内基自传·补录 321 · 安德鲁·卡内基

The writer of a book designed for his friends has no reason to anticipate an unkind reception, but there is always some danger of its being damned with faint praise. The responses in my case, however, exceeded expectations, and were of such a character as to satisfy me that the writers really had enjoyed the book, or meant at least a part of what they said about it. Every author is prone to believe sweet words. Among the first that came were in a letter from Anthony Drexel, Philadelphia's great banker, complaining that I had robbed him of several hours of sleep. Having begun the book he could not lay it down and retired at two o'clock in the morning after finishing. Several similar letters were received. I remember Mr. Huntington, president of the Central Pacific Railway, meeting me one morning and saying he was going to pay me a great compliment.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17976
定位：Additional excerpt 321 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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卡内基写书给朋友看，本没指望多好评，但反馈超出预期。费城银行家德雷克塞尔写信抱怨说，书让他少睡了好几小时，因为一翻开就放不下，读到凌晨两点。类似信件不少。中央太平洋铁路总裁亨廷顿也当面说要给他一个大大的赞美。核心是：真诚的反馈往往藏在具体行为里，比如熬夜读完。判断一本书或一个产品好不好，别只听客套话，看对方是否愿意付出时间、是否主动传播。

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卡内基自传中回忆自己出版游记《环游世界》后收到的朋友反馈。

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你最近收到的反馈里，哪些是客套，哪些是对方用行动（时间、推荐）投的票？

公版传记；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 巢元方《诸病源候论》

亦有不及成肿而五脏伤败，水血并下，而五脏五色随之而出，谓之五液俱下也。凡如此者多死，而呕、哕、肿、，治之时有瘥者。若五液俱下者必死，五脏伤败故也。

还有一种情况，没等到肿起来，五脏就先伤败了，水和血一起往下排，五脏各自的颜色也跟着出来，这叫五液俱下。这类人多半会死；而呕、哕、肿、胀这些，治起来有时还能好转。若是五液俱下就必死，因为五脏已经伤败。核心是：久痢出现呕、哕、肿、胀已是重候，出现五液俱下更是危象，必须尽早送医，不要在家拖延或乱用药。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

六百頃以上者，加二級。衛所官墾地一百五十頃以上者，加一級，紀錄一次。二百頃以上者，加二級。如州縣衛所有荒地，一年內全無開墾者，令督撫題參，將道府州縣衛所官各罰俸半年。」又題准：「墾地後復荒者，削去督撫等官開墾時紀錄加級，督撫罰俸一年，道府降一級住俸，州縣衛所官降三級住俸。勒限一年，督令開墾。如限內墾完者，開復；不完者，督撫降一級，罰俸一年，道府降二級調用，州縣衛所官降三級調用。其前官墾過熟地，後任官復荒者，亦照經管開墾各官復荒例治罪…

接着上条：州县官垦六百顷以上加二级；卫所官垦一百五十顷以上加一级记录一次，二百顷以上加二级。如果州县卫所有荒地，一年内全未开垦，督抚要参劾，道府州县卫所官各罚俸半年。又规定：垦后复荒的，撤销督抚原得记录加级，督抚罚俸一年，道府降一级留任，州县卫所官降三级留任，限一年内督令开垦；限内垦完恢复原级，不完则督抚降一级罚俸一年，道府降二级调用，州县卫所官降三级调用。前官垦熟后任又荒的，也照此治罪。

事业 · 查理·芒格《《关于基本世俗智慧的演讲》》

And that reaction of the robber barons was so irritating to people that it made it unfashionable to think of an economy as an ecosystem. But the truth is that it is a lot like an ecosystem. And you get many of the…

当年那些强盗资本家（如洛克菲勒等）的所作所为让大众反感，连带把“经济像生态系统”这个说法也搞臭了，大家不愿再这么想。但芒格说，经济确实很像生态系统：有竞争、有 niche、有优胜劣汰，也有共生。理解这一点，就能预判很多类似结果，比如规模效应、赢家通吃、生态位分化。别因为讨厌某个比喻的联想，就丢掉一个有用的思考工具。

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