投资 · 创业者自述

塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯:节俭·摘录 220

塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯《节俭》· Thrift · 投资

Workmen are for the most part disposed to associate; but the association is not always of a healthy kind. It sometimes takes the form of Unions against masters; and displays itself in the Strikes that are so common, and usually so unfortunate. Workmen also strike against men of their own class, for the purpose of excluding them from their special calling. One of the principal objects of trades-unions is to keep up wages at the expense of the lower paid and unassociated working people. They endeavour to prevent poorer men learning their trade, and thus keep the supply of labour below the demand.[1] This system may last for a time, but it becomes ruinous in the end.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14418
定位:Excerpt 220 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

工人大多喜欢抱团,但抱团不一定健康。有时是成立工会对抗雇主,表现为常见的罢工,而罢工往往结果不好。工人也会罢工反对自己同阶层的人,把他们排挤在某些行业之外。工会的主要目标之一,就是靠压低更低收入、没加入工会的工人的待遇来维持自己的工资。他们设法阻止更穷的人学手艺,让劳动力供应低于需求。这套做法也许能撑一阵子,但长远看是毁灭性的。因为它把工人内部切成三六九等,堵死了底层人往上走的路。

上下文

斯迈尔斯在《节俭》中批评19世纪英国工会的排他性做法,认为其损害工人整体利益。

今日一问

你所在的行业或群体,有没有为了保住自己的利益而挡住别人入行的做法?

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