节俭·摘录 310 · 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯

Now, fifteen years ago, this country was very insufficiently provided with savings banks for the people. There were then many large towns and villages altogether unprovided with them. Lancashire had only thirty savings banks for upwards of two millions of people. The East Riding of Yorkshire had only four savings banks. There were fifteen counties in the United Kingdom which had not a single savings bank. There were only about six hundred savings banks for about thirty millions of people. These were open only for two or three hours in the week; some were open for only four hours in the month. The workman who had money to save, had to carry his spare shillings in his pocket for some time before he could lay them by; and in the meantime he might be exposed to constant temptations to spend them. To keep his shillings safe, he must have acquired the _habit_ of saving, which it was the object of savings banks to train and establish.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14418
定位：Excerpt 310 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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十五年前，英国给老百姓用的储蓄银行严重不足。许多大镇和村庄根本没有，兰开夏郡两百多万人只有三十家，约克郡东区只有四家，全国有十五个县一家都没有，三千万人只有约六百家。而且这些银行每周只开两三个小时，有的每月只开四小时。工人想存钱，得把零钱在口袋里揣很久，期间不断受诱惑花掉。要保住这几个先令，他必须先有存钱的习惯，而储蓄银行本来就是要培养这个习惯的。

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斯迈尔斯《节俭》中描述19世纪中期英国储蓄银行稀缺、营业时间短的状况。

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你身边有没有“想存钱却找不到方便渠道”的情况？你能做什么来改善？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

一論胎怯。小儿面无精光。肌肉薄弱。大便白水。身无血色。时时哽气多哕。目无精彩宜以浴体法主之。 \x浴体法\x 天麻（末二錢）蝎梢（去毒）朱砂（各半錢）白矾青黛（各二錢）乌蛇肉（三錢酒浸焙爲末）麝香（一字）上同研匀。每用三錢。水三碗。桃枝一握。并叶五七个同煎。至十沸。温热浴之。浴时勿浴背。

胎怯指婴儿面色无光、肌肉瘦薄、大便如水、肤色苍白、常打嗝嗳气、眼睛无神。应使用浴体法：天麻末二钱、蝎梢、朱砂各半钱、白矾、青黛各二钱、乌蛇肉三钱（酒浸焙末）、麝香一字，研匀，每次三钱，加水三碗、桃枝一握及叶五七个，煎十沸，温热洗浴，注意不要洗背部。核心是温通经络、安神定惊。做法是药浴，避免背部受凉。

事业 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

丙午，上與群臣論止盜。或請重法以禁之，上哂之曰：「民之所以為盜者，由賦繁役重，官吏貪求，饑寒切身，故不暇顧廉恥耳。朕當去奢省費，輕徭薄賦，選用廉吏，使民主食有餘，則自不為盜，安用重法邪！」自是數年之後，海內昇平，路不拾遺，外戶不閉，商旅野宿焉。上又嘗謂侍臣曰：「君依於國，國依於民。刻民以奉君，猶割肉以充腹，腹飽而身斃，君富而國亡。故人君之患，不自外來，常由身出。夫欲盛則費廣，費廣則賦重，賦重則民愁，民愁則國危，國危則君喪矣。朕常以此思…

丙午日，太宗与群臣讨论如何禁止盗窃。有人请求用重法禁止，太宗讥笑说：“百姓之所以偷盗，是因为赋税繁多、徭役沉重，官吏贪婪索取，饥寒交迫，所以顾不上廉耻。我应当去除奢侈、节省开支，轻徭薄赋，选用廉洁的官吏，使百姓衣食有余，自然就不会偷盗，哪里用得着严刑峻法！”此后几年，天下太平，路不拾遗，外门不闭，商旅可以在野外住宿。太宗又曾对侍臣说：“君主依靠国家，国家依靠百姓。剥削百姓来奉养君主，就像割肉充饥，肚子饱了却身死，君主富了国家却亡了。所以君主的祸患不在外部，常来自自身。欲望盛则花费多，花费多则赋税重，赋税重则百姓愁苦，百姓愁苦则国家危险，国家危险则君主丧亡。我常思考这些，所以不敢放纵欲望。”

投资 · 弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》

And if every sale to a foreign country is a _tribute received_, and a national profit, it is quite right and natural to create markets for our products even by force.

如果向外国销售产品就是收到贡品、就是国家利润，那么用武力创造市场就变得合理自然了。但巴斯夏指出这种推理的错误：把出口当作单方面获利，忽视了进口也是获得所需商品的好处。贸易是互惠的交换，不是一方进贡另一方。若只盯着出口顺差，就会为强制开路，最终损害双方利益。

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