投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 11
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In the same country double the quantity of labour may be required to produce a given quantity of food and necessaries at one time, that may be necessary at another, and a distant time; yet the labourer's reward may possibly be very little diminished. If the labourer's wages at the former period, were a certain quantity of food and necessaries, he probably could not have subsisted if that quantity had been reduced. Food and necessaries in this case will have risen 100 per cent. if estimated by the _quantity_ of labour necessary to their production, while they will scarcely have increased in value, if measured by the quantity of labour for which they will _exchange_.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 11 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
李嘉图举例说，同一个国家，生产同样数量的食物和必需品，有时需要的劳动量可能是另一时期的两倍，但工人的报酬却可能几乎不减少。因为如果工人原来的工资刚好够维持生活，再减少就活不下去了。这时，按生产所需的劳动量算，食物和必需品涨价100%；但按它们能交换到的劳动量算，价值几乎没变。这说明“生产所需劳动”和“能交换到的劳动”是两回事，工资有底线，不能简单用劳动量变化推断工人生活水平。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中讨论工资与价值的关系，用食物生产劳动量变化说明工人报酬的刚性。
今日一问
当生活必需品生产变难时，你认为工人工资能降到什么程度？底线在哪里？
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