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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 13

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

As the inquiry to which I wish to draw the reader's attention, relates to the effect of the variations in the relative value of commodities, and not in their absolute value, it will be of little importance to examine into the comparative degree of estimation in which the different kinds of human labour are held. We may fairly conclude, that whatever inequality there might originally have been in them, whatever the ingenuity, skill, or time necessary for the acquirement of one species of manual dexterity more than another, it continues nearly the same from one generation to another; or at least, that the variation is very inconsiderable from year to year, and therefore, can have little effect for short periods on the relative value of commodities.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 13 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

李嘉图说,他要研究的是商品相对价值的变化,而不是绝对价值,所以不必细究不同种类劳动之间的相对估价差异。他推断,无论最初不同劳动之间的技能、技巧或学习时间有多大差别,这种差别从一代到下一代基本保持不变,至少逐年变化很小,因此在短期内对商品的相对价值影响微乎其微。换句话说,他假设劳动质量的差异是稳定的,可以忽略其短期波动,从而集中分析劳动量对相对价值的作用。

上下文

出自李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》第一章,讨论商品相对价值由劳动量决定,但需先处理劳动性质差异的问题。

今日一问

在分析经济问题时,你是否会先区分哪些因素在短期内稳定、哪些在变化,从而抓住主要矛盾?

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