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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 145
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
The remarks which have been made respecting foreign trade, apply equally to home trade. The rate of profits is never increased by a better distribution of labour, by the invention of machinery, by the establishment of roads and canals, or by any means of abridging labour either in the manufacture or in the conveyance of goods. These are causes which operate on price, and never fail to be highly beneficial to consumers; since they enable them with the same labour, or with the value of the produce of the same labour, to obtain in exchange a greater quantity of the commodity to which the improvement is applied; but they have no effect whatever on profit. On the other hand, every diminution in the wages of labour raises profits, but produces no effect on the price of commodities. One is advantageous to all classes, for all classes are consumers; the other is beneficial only to producers; they gain more, but every thing remains at its former price. In the first case, they get the same as before; but every thing on which their gains are expended, is diminished in exchangeable value.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 145 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
李嘉图说，对外贸易的道理在国内贸易同样成立。改进分工、发明机器、修路开运河、节省制造或运输的劳动，这些进步只会降低商品价格，让消费者用同样的劳动换到更多东西，对所有人都有好处；但它们不会提高利润率。相反，只有压低工资才会提高利润，而商品价格不变。所以，技术进步是消费者得利，工资下降是生产者得利。前者惠及所有阶级，因为人人都是消费者；后者只惠及生产者，他们赚得更多，但物价没变，而他们用利润去买的东西，交换价值却下降了。
上下文
李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论利润与价格的关系，反驳“技术进步提高利润”的流行看法。
今日一问
你最近享受的技术便利，是让所有人受益，还是只让少数人获利？
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