投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 211
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
With respect to the third objection against taxes on raw produce, namely, that the raising wages, and lowering profits, is a discouragement to accumulation, and acts in the same way as a natural poverty of soil; I have endeavoured to shew in another part of this work that savings may be as effectually made from expenditure as from production; from a reduction in the value of commodities, as from a rise in the rate of profits. By increasing my profits from 1000_l._ to 1200_l._, whilst prices continue the same, my power of increasing my capital by savings is increased but it is not increased so much as it would be if my profits continued as before, whilst commodities were so lowered in price, that 800_l._ would procure me as much as 1000_l._ purchased before.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 211 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
有人反对对原材料征税，理由之一是它会抬高工资、压低利润，从而抑制积累，就像土地天然贫瘠一样。李嘉图认为这种担心被夸大了。他指出，节省不一定只能靠多生产，也可以靠少花钱；商品降价和利润率上升一样，都能增加储蓄的实际购买力。比如利润从1000镑涨到1200镑，物价不变，我能多存钱；但如果利润不变，而物价降到让我用800镑就能买到原来1000镑的东西，我的储蓄能力同样提高。所以，关键不是名义利润高低，而是利润和物价共同决定的实际购买力。
上下文
李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论对原材料征税的反对意见，这是他对第三个反对理由的回应。
今日一问
当物价下降时，你的储蓄实际能买到的东西变多了吗？你更关注名义收入还是实际购买力？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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