投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 339
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In such case, it is evident that corn would be dear, and commodities cheap; labour would continue at the same price, if the labourer were as much benefited by the cheapness of commodities as he was injured by the dearness of corn; but if he were not, wages would rise, and profits would fall, while money rent would continue the same as before; profits would fall, because, as we have just explained, that would be the mode in which the labourer's share of the tax would be paid by the employers of labour. By the increase of wages the labourer would be compensated for the tax which he would pay in the increased price of corn; by not expending any part of his wages on the manufactured commodities, he would receive no part of the bounty; the bounty would be all received by the employers, and the tax would be partly paid by the employed; a remuneration would be made to the labourers, in the shape of wages, for this increased burden laid upon them, and thus the rate of profits would be reduced. In this case too there would be a complicated measure producing no national result whatever.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 339 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
在这种情况下，谷物会变贵，工业品会变便宜。如果劳动者从工业品便宜中得到的好处，正好抵消谷物变贵的损失，工资就不变；否则工资上涨，利润下降，货币地租不变。利润下降是因为劳动者多付的税，最终由雇主承担。工资上涨补偿了劳动者在谷物上多付的钱，但他不买工业品，就享受不到补贴；补贴全归雇主，税却部分由劳动者承担。雇主以涨工资的形式补偿劳动者，利润就被压低了。这种复杂措施对国家整体毫无益处。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中分析对谷物征税并补贴工业品的后果。
今日一问
一项政策如果让一部分人受益、另一部分人受损，整体却无增益，它还值得推行吗？
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