投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 45
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In that case I should say, that wages and rent had fallen, and profits risen; though in consequence of the abundance of commodities, the quantity paid to the labourer and landlord would have increased in the proportion of 25 to 44. Wages are to be estimated by their real value, viz. by the quantity of labour and capital employed in producing them, and not by their nominal value either in coats, hats, money, or corn. Under the circumstances I have just supposed, commodities would have fallen to half their former value; and, if money had not varied, to half their former price also. If then in this medium, which had not varied in value, the wages of the labourer should be found to have fallen, it will not the less be a real fall, because they might furnish him with a greater quantity of cheap commodities, than his former wages.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 45 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
在这种情况下，我会说工资和地租下降了，利润上升了；尽管由于商品丰富，付给工人和地主的实物数量可能从25增加到44。工资应该按实际价值估算，即生产工资所耗费的劳动和资本量，而不是按名义价值（用衣服、帽子、钱或谷物衡量）。在我假设的情形下，商品价值降了一半，如果货币没变，价格也降一半。所以即使用不变的货币衡量，发现工人工资下降，那也是真实的下降，因为虽然他能买到更多便宜商品，但工资的实际价值确实减少了。
上下文
李嘉图讨论商品价值下降时工资和利润的变化，强调实际价值与名义价值的区别。
今日一问
当你的收入能买到更多东西时，你是否会误以为收入增加了，而忽略了其实际价值可能下降？
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