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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 81
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In the 7th chap. of the Wealth of Nations, all that concerns this question is most ably treated. Having fully acknowledged the temporary effects which, in particular employments of capital, may be produced on the prices of commodities, as well as on the wages of labour, and the profits of stock, by accidental causes, without influencing the general price of commodities, wages, or profits, since these effects are equally operative in all stages of society, we may be permitted to leave them entirely out of our consideration, whilst we are treating of the laws which regulate natural prices, natural wages, and natural profits, effects totally independent of these accidental causes. In speaking then of the exchangeable value of commodities, or the power of purchasing possessed by any one commodity, I mean always that power which it would possess, if not disturbed by any temporary or accidental cause, and which is its natural price.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 81 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
亚当·斯密在《国富论》第7章已出色处理了这个问题。他承认偶然原因会对个别行业的商品价格、工资和利润产生暂时影响，但不影响一般价格、工资和利润，因为这些影响在社会各阶段同样起作用。因此，在研究决定自然价格、自然工资和自然利润的规律时，可以完全忽略这些偶然因素。当我说商品的交换价值或购买力时，指的是不受暂时或偶然原因干扰时的自然价格。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中引用并评论亚当·斯密《国富论》第7章关于自然价格与市场价格的分析。
今日一问
在分析长期经济规律时，你能否区分暂时波动和根本趋势？如何避免被短期现象误导？
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