投资 · 西方古典
托马斯·马尔萨斯：人口论·摘录 111
托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资
No human institutions here existed, to the perverseness of which Mr Godwin ascribes the original sin of the worst men. (Bk VIII, ch. 3; in the third edition, Vol. II, p. 462) No opposition had been produced by them between public and private good. No monopoly had been created of those advantages which reason directs to be left in common. No man had been goaded to the breach of order by unjust laws. Benevolence had established her reign in all hearts: and yet in so short a period as within fifty years, violence, oppression, falsehood, misery, every hateful vice, and every form of distress, which degrade and sadden the present state of society, seem to have been generated by the most imperious circumstances, by laws inherent in the nature of man, and absolutely independent of it human regulations.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位：Excerpt 111 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
马尔萨斯设想一个没有不良制度的社会：没有公私利益对立，没有垄断，没有恶法逼人犯罪，人人心中充满仁爱。可即便如此，不到五十年，暴力、压迫、谎言、苦难和各种恶行还是出现了。他认为这些不是制度造成的，而是人性本身和人口压力带来的必然结果。核心是：他把社会问题归因于人性与人口规律，而非制度。今天看，这提醒我们：改革制度很重要，但也不能忽视人性和资源约束的硬限制。
上下文
马尔萨斯在《人口论》中反驳葛德文，葛德文认为制度是万恶之源，马尔萨斯则用思想实验说明即使制度完美，恶仍会产生。
今日一问
当你把某个问题全归咎于制度时，是否也忽略了人性和资源约束这些更难改变的因素？
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