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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 203

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

Some years ago I happened to be at Madrid, and went to the Cortes. The subject of debate was a proposed treaty with Portugal for improving the navigation of the Douro. One of the deputies rose and said: "If the navigation of the Douro is improved in the way now proposed, the traffic will be carried on at less expense. The grain of Portugal will, in consequence, be sold in the markets of Castile at a lower price, and will become a formidable rival to our _national industry_. I oppose the project, unless, indeed, our ministers will undertake to raise the tariff of customs to the extent required to re-establish the equilibrium." The Assembly found the argument unanswerable.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 203 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

有人以保护本国产业为由,反对与葡萄牙通商改善杜罗河航运。他的逻辑是:航运改善后葡萄牙粮食运进来更便宜,会冲击本国农业,所以要么反对,要么提高关税抵消。这种说法听起来有理,其实只盯着受冲击的行业,却忽略了所有消费者因粮价下降而得到的好处。贸易保护把少数人的损失放大,把多数人的收益藏起来。可执行的做法是:遇到类似主张时,先问谁受益、谁受损、得失各多少,再判断该不该设壁垒。

上下文

巴斯夏《经济诡辩》中的例子,19世纪法国经济学家,以讽刺保护主义闻名。他借西班牙议会辩论说明贸易保护论的谬误。

今日一问

当你听到“保护本地产业”时,是否算过消费者为此多付了多少钱?

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