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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 206

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

But if Bordeaux has a right to profit by a gap in the line of railway, and if such profit is consistent with the public interest, then Angoulème, Poitiers, Tours, Orleans, nay, more, all the intermediate places, Ruffec, Châtellerault, etc., should also demand gaps, as being for the general interest, and, of course, for the interest of national industry; for the more these breaks in the line are multiplied, the greater will be the increase of consignments, commissions, transhipments, etc., along the whole extent of the railway. In this way, we shall succeed in having a line of railway composed of successive gaps, and which may be denominated a _Negative Railway_.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 206 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

如果波尔多有权因铁路断点获利,那么昂古莱姆、普瓦捷、图尔、奥尔良以及所有中间站点都该要求断点,因为每个断点都能带来更多装卸、佣金和转运生意。照此推下去,整条铁路就变成一连串断点,成了“负铁路”——名义上是铁路,实际上处处不通。这揭示了一个荒谬:把局部获利当成普遍原则,推到底就会自我毁灭。可执行的做法是:检验一个主张是否合理,就看它能不能被普遍化;如果人人照做会毁掉整体,那它就不是好原则。

上下文

巴斯夏《经济诡辩》中“负铁路”的讽刺,用归谬法揭露地方保护主义的逻辑矛盾。

今日一问

你支持的做法,如果人人都照做,结果会更好还是更糟?

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