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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 210

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

But if exchange does not possess a character which is peculiar to it,--if it is not governed by any natural law,--if, capriciously, it be sometimes useful and sometimes detrimental,--if it does not find its motive force in the good which it accomplishes, its limit in the good which it ceases to accomplish,--if its consequences cannot be estimated by those who effect exchanges;--in a word, if there be no absolute principles, then we must proceed to weigh, balance, and regulate transactions, we must equalize the conditions of labour, and try to find out the average rate of profits--a colossal task, well deserving the large emoluments and powerful influence awarded to those who undertake it.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 210 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

巴师夏指出:如果交换没有自身规律,时好时坏全凭运气,那我们就得逐笔权衡、调节交易,平衡劳动条件,找出平均利润率——这是浩大工程,也正好解释了为什么官员们能拿高薪、掌大权。但他反问:交换真的如此不可预测吗?他认为交换自有其动力和界限:人们因获益而交换,无利可图便停止,当事人自己最清楚。所以根本不需要一个中央机构来称量一切。可执行的做法是:先相信市场参与者的判断,别急着设机构去“调节”。

上下文

巴师夏《经济诡辩》中反驳干预主义,强调交换受自然规律支配,而非任意妄为。

今日一问

你支持某项管制时,是因为它真有必要,还是因为有人需要这份工作?

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