投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏：经济诡辩·摘录 67
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
"Formerly we exported stuffs; then that exportation gave place to that of yams, which are the raw material of stuffs; then to that of machines, which are the instruments for producing yarn; afterwards to the exportation of the capital with which we construct our machines; finally, to that of our workmen and our industrial skill, which are the source of our capital. All these elements of labour, one after the other, are set to work wherever they find the most advantageous opening, wherever the expense of living is cheaper and the necessaries of life are moat easily procured; and at the present day, in Prussia, in Austria, in Saxony, in Switzerland, in Italy, we see manufactures on an immense scale founded and supported by English capital, worked by English operatives, and directed by English engineers."
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位：Excerpt 67 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
这段引文描述英国产业如何一步步外移：先出口成品，然后出口原料，再出口机器，接着出口资本，最后连工人和技术也出口。每个要素都流向成本更低、生活更便宜的地方。如今在普鲁士、奥地利、萨克森、瑞士、意大利，都能看到英国资本、英国工人和英国工程师建立的大规模工厂。这说明资本和技能会主动寻找最有利可图的地点，而不是死守本土。保护主义想留住产业，却挡不住这种经济规律。
上下文
巴斯夏引用英国产业外移的观察，说明资本和劳动力会自然流向成本更低地区，反驳保护主义。
今日一问
当资本和技术不断流向成本更低的地方，我们该提升什么才能留住竞争力？
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