投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 88
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
Were the porter who carries water to my house to be paid in proportion to the _absolute utility_ of water, my whole fortune would be insufficient to remunerate him. But I pay him in proportion to the exertion he makes. If he charges more, others will do the work, or, if necessary, I will do it myself. Water, in truth, is not the subject of our bargain, but the labour of carrying it. This view of the matter is so important, and the conclusions which I am about to deduce from it throw so much light on the question of the freedom of international exchanges, that I deem it necessary to elucidate it by other examples.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 88 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
挑水工如果按水的绝对效用收费,你的全部财产都不够付。但他按自己付出的辛苦收费;如果他要价太高,别人会来干,或者你自己去挑。所以你们交易的不是水,而是挑水的劳动。巴斯夏说这个观点很重要,能帮他推导出国际自由贸易的结论。对今天的人来说,这意味着:不要因为某样东西“极其有用”就认为提供它的人该拿天价;价格由替代方案和劳动成本决定。你可以用这个视角判断收费是否合理:看有没有人能用更少劳动提供同样服务。
上下文
巴斯夏用挑水工的例子,为后面论证自由贸易做铺垫,说明价格取决于劳动而非绝对效用。
今日一问
你最近觉得“太贵”的东西,有没有更省劳动的替代方式?
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