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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 95

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

We have here again the same sophism. We demand that foreign products should be taxed to neutralize the effect of the taxes which weigh upon our national products. The object, then, still is to equalize the conditions of production. We have only a word to say, and it is this: that the tax is an artificial obstacle which produces exactly the same result as a natural obstacle, its effect is to enhance prices. If this enhancement reach a point which makes it a greater loss to create the product for ourselves than to procure it from abroad by producing a counter value, _laissez faire_, let well alone. Of two evils, private interest will do well to choose the least. I might, then, simply refer the reader to the preceding demonstration; but the sophism which we have here to combat recurs so frequently in the lamentations and demands, I might say in the challenges, of the protectionist school, as to merit a special discussion.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 95 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

保护主义者说:外国货也得交税,才能抵消我们本国产品背负的税负,让竞争条件公平。巴师夏指出这仍是老谬误:税本身就是人为障碍,和天然障碍一样会抬高价格。如果抬高到不如自己生产划算,那就该放手让私人自己选。两种损失里,私人利益自然会挑小的。所以不必再重复论证,只需点明:用税来“拉平条件”,结果只是让消费者多付钱。

上下文

巴师夏《经济诡辩》写于1840年代法国,当时保护主义以“公平竞争”为名要求对进口品征税。

今日一问

今天你支持某项“公平贸易”关税时,是否算过它最终由谁买单?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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