投资 · 西方古典
托斯丹·凡勃伦:有闲阶级论·摘录 55
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
But it is, on other grounds, worth noting that the term "waste" in the language of everyday life implies deprecation of what is characterized as wasteful. This common-sense implication is itself an outcropping of the instinct of workmanship. The popular reprobation of waste goes to say that in order to be at peace with himself the common man must be able to see in any and all human effort and human enjoyment an enhancement of life and well-being on the whole. In order to meet with unqualified approval, any economic fact must approve itself under the test of impersonal usefulness--usefulness as seen from the point of view of the generically human. Relative or competitive advantage of one individual in comparison with another does not satisfy the economic conscience, and therefore competitive expenditure has not the approval of this conscience.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位:Excerpt 55 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
凡勃伦指出,日常语言里说“浪费”就带有贬义,这种常识态度源于人天生想看到劳动有成果的“工艺本能”。普通人要心安,就得觉得任何人类努力和享受都在总体上提升生活和福祉。所以一项经济活动要获得完全认可,必须通过“非个人有用性”的检验——从普遍人类的角度看有用。一个人相对另一个人的竞争性优势满足不了经济良心,因此炫耀性开支得不到这种良心的认可。
上下文
凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》(1899)讨论炫耀性消费时,先厘清“浪费”一词的日常贬义及其道德根源。
今日一问
你最近哪笔开销,如果去掉“比别人强”的成分,还剩下多少真实用处?
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