投资 · 西方古典
托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 8
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
Under the guidance of this naive discrimination between the inert and the animate, the activities of the primitive social group tend to fall into two classes, which would in modern phrase be called exploit and industry. Industry is effort that goes to create a new thing, with a new purpose given it by the fashioning hand of its maker out of passive ("brute") material; while exploit, so far as it results in an outcome useful to the agent, is the conversion to his own ends of energies previously directed to some other end by an other agent. We still speak of "brute matter" with something of the barbarian's realisation of a profound significance in the term.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 8 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
在野蛮人眼里，活动分两种：一种叫“ exploit”（掠夺/冒险），一种叫“ industry”（劳作/生产）。劳作是拿死材料做出新东西，比如种地、打铁；掠夺是把别人或别的东西已经有的能量抢过来为自己所用，比如打猎、打仗。掠夺被认为是有本事、光荣的，劳作则是低贱的。这种区分一直影响到后来人们对职业贵贱的看法。
上下文
凡勃伦在《有闲阶级论》中提出“掠夺”与“劳作”的二分，认为这是有闲阶级社会里荣誉与卑贱分野的源头。
今日一问
今天社会里，哪些工作被高看，哪些被看低？这种高低之分合理吗？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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