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霍华德·马克斯:敢于伟大 II·第11则
霍华德·马克斯《《敢于伟大 II》》· Dare to Be Great II · 决策 · 投资 · 健康 · 认知
Keeping in mind, however, that only one event and its consequence will occur (not the weighted average consequence),” agents may not be able to choose on the basis of expected value or the weighted average of all possible consequences. If a given action has potential bad consequences that are absolutely unacceptable, the expected value of all of its consequences – both good and bad – can be irrelevant. Given the typical agent’s asymmetrical payoff table, the rule for institutional investors underlined above is far from nonsensical. But if it is adopted, this should be done with awareness of the likely result: over-diversification. This goes all the way back to the beginning of this memo, and each organization’s need to establish its creed.
出处:
https://www.oaktreecapital.com/docs/default-source/memos/2014-04-08-dare-to-be-great-ii.pdf
定位:Memo, excerpt 11 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
算期望值,是把好结果和坏结果按概率平均。但现实只发生一次,你碰上的就是那一个结果。如果某个坏结果一旦出现就承受不起,比如爆仓、丢工作、毁掉声誉,那么平均值再好看也没意义。所以机构投资者宁可多分散、少下重注,这不是傻,而是对不对称后果的理性反应。关键是想清楚:哪些坏结果绝对不能碰,然后据此定规矩。
上下文
马克斯在备忘录中分析机构投资者为何偏爱分散,指出这源于对极端坏结果的规避。
今日一问
你投资或决策时,有没有先划出绝对不能承受的底线?
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