君主论·摘录 52 · 尼可罗·马基雅维利

We have not seen great things done in our time except by those who have been considered mean; the rest have failed. Pope Julius the Second was assisted in reaching the papacy by a reputation for liberality, yet he did not strive afterwards to keep it up, when he made war on the King of France; and he made many wars without imposing any extraordinary tax on his subjects, for he supplied his additional expenses out of his long thriftiness. The present King of Spain would not have undertaken or conquered in so many enterprises if he had been reputed liberal. A prince, therefore, provided that he has not to rob his subjects, that he can defend himself, that he does not become poor and abject, that he is not forced to become rapacious, ought to hold of little account a reputation for being mean, for it is one of those vices which will enable him to govern.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1232
定位：Excerpt 52 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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马基雅维利指出：近代成就大事的人，往往被视为吝啬；其他人则失败。教皇尤利乌斯二世靠慷慨名声登上教皇位，但后来对法王开战，不再维持慷慨，也没向臣民征特别税，靠长期节俭支撑额外开支。西班牙国王若被看作慷慨，就无法进行那么多征伐。所以君主只要不掠夺臣民、能自卫、不贫穷卑贱、不被迫贪婪，就不该在意吝啬的名声，因为这是能让他治理的“恶习”之一。

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《君主论》以教皇尤利乌斯二世和西班牙国王为例，说明节俭对君主事业的实际帮助。

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你为了维持某种“大方”形象，是否牺牲了长期行动的能力？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

開府儀同三司鄂忠武公尉遲敬德薨。敬德晚年閒居，學延年術，修飾池台，奏清商樂以自奉養，不交通賓客，凡十六年。年七十四，以病終，朝廷恩禮甚厚。

开府仪同三司鄂忠武公尉迟敬德去世。他晚年闲居，学习延年益寿的方法，修建池台，演奏清商乐自娱自乐，不结交宾客，这样过了十六年。七十四岁时病逝，朝廷给予丰厚恩礼。核心是：功臣晚年急流勇退，远离政治，得以善终。背后的取舍是：放弃权力和社交，换取平安和长寿。可借鉴：在功成名就后，懂得收敛和退隐，是一种智慧。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

令軍市無有女子，而命其商，令人自拾甲兵，使視軍興，又使軍市無得私輸糧者，則姦謀無所於伏。盜輸糧者不私稽，輕惰之民不游軍市；盜糧者無所售，送糧者不私，輕惰之民不游軍市，則農民不淫，國粟不勞，則草必墾矣。百縣之治一形，則從迂者不敢更其制，過而廢者不能匿其舉。過舉不匿，則官無邪人。迂者不飾，代者不更，則官屬少而民不勞；官無邪則民不敖；民不敖則業不敗；官屬少，徵不煩；民不勞則農多日；農多日，徵不煩，業不敗，則草必墾矣。重關市之賦，則農惡商，商…

军中市场不许女子进入，命令商人自备甲兵，观察军需，禁止私运粮食，奸谋无处藏身。偷运粮食者不私藏，轻惰之民不游军市，盗粮者无售处，送粮者不私，农民不淫，国粟不浪费。各县治理统一，迂腐者不敢改制度，失职者不能藏过错。过错不藏，官府无邪人。迂者不饰，代者不更，官属少而民不劳；官无邪则民不傲；民不傲则业不败；官属少则征不烦；民不劳则农多日；农多日，征不烦，业不败，荒地就开垦。加重关市赋税，农民厌恶商人，商人疑惰。

事业 · 奥里森·斯威特·马登《向前进》

The college man _ought_ to be a superb figure anywhere. The consciousness of being well educated should put one at ease in any society. The knowledge that one's mentality has been broadened out by college training, that…

受过良好教育的人本应处处从容。知道自己视野被打开、潜力被发掘，会带来巨大幸福和自信，而自信是推动世界的杠杆。相反，能力不错却因语言贫乏、理想狭隘而自卑的人，往往因未受教育而痛苦。做法是：把教育视为拓展自我、建立自信的途径，而不仅是求职敲门砖。

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