君主论·摘录 70 · 尼可罗·马基雅维利

Turning now to the opposite characters of Commodus, Severus, Antoninus Caracalla, and Maximinus, you will find them all cruel and rapacious-men who, to satisfy their soldiers, did not hesitate to commit every kind of iniquity against the people; and all, except Severus, came to a bad end; but in Severus there was so much valour that, keeping the soldiers friendly, although the people were oppressed by him, he reigned successfully; for his valour made him so much admired in the sight of the soldiers and people that the latter were kept in a way astonished and awed and the former respectful and satisfied. And because the actions of this man, as a new prince, were great, I wish to show briefly that he knew well how to counterfeit the fox and the lion, which natures, as I said above, it is necessary for a prince to imitate.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1232
定位：Excerpt 70 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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马基雅维利转向反面例子：康茂德、塞维鲁、卡拉卡拉和马克西米努斯都残酷贪婪，为满足士兵而压迫民众，除塞维鲁外都不得善终。塞维鲁之所以成功，是因为他极具勇武，既让士兵满意，又让民众敬畏。他的勇武使他受到士兵和民众的钦佩，民众被震慑，士兵则恭敬满足。马基雅维利认为，塞维鲁作为新君主，懂得效仿狐狸和狮子，即既狡猾又勇敢。

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出自《君主论》，马基雅维利分析塞维鲁的成功，强调君主需兼具狐狸的狡猾和狮子的勇猛。

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在复杂环境中，你更偏向只用一种策略，还是能灵活结合狡猾与强硬？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 巢元方《诸病源候论》

体虚受风，而伤太阳之经，停滞经络，后复遇寒湿相搏，发则口噤背强，名之为痉。妊娠而发者，闷冒不识人，须臾醒，醒复发，亦是风伤太阳之经作痉也。亦名子痫，亦名子冒

身体虚弱受风，伤及太阳经，风邪停留在经络，后又遇寒湿相搏，发作时口噤、背强，这叫痉。妊娠期发作，表现为昏闷不识人，一会儿醒，醒了又发，也是风伤太阳经成痉，又叫子痫，又叫子冒。核心是说明痉病（尤其子痫）的成因是体虚受风、寒湿相搏，症状为口噤背强、反复昏冒。做法：对孕妇出现反复昏闷、口噤背强，要想到子痫，及时处理，避免母婴危险；平时注意避风寒湿，调养气血。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

宋之邊臣將取所賜夏人疆土，蓋有異圖。」詔曰：「夏人屢求援兵者，或不欲歸我戶口，沮吾追襲遼主事也。宋人敢言自取疆土於夏，誠有異圖，宜謹守備，盡索在夏戶口，通聞兩國事，審處之。」《宗望傳》：「太祖定燕京，斡魯為都統，宗望副之。闍母與張覺戰，大敗，宗望就以闍母軍討張覺，覺敗，宵遯奔宋，詔議索張覺及逋亡戶口於宋，宗望索戶口，宋人弗遣。且聞童貫、郭藥師治軍燕山，宗望奏請伐宋。」黃摑《敵古本傳》：「敵古本攻平州張覺、吾春被圍於西山，敵古本引兵救之…

核心是户口与领土争端常成战争导火索。金太祖时，斡鲁副宗翰统军，夏人抱怨宋侵占新割地，金廷判断宋边臣有异图，令谨守备并索还夏境户口。后宗望讨张觉，张觉败逃奔宋，金索张觉及逃亡户口，宋不遣，又闻童贯、郭药师在燕山治军，宗望遂奏请伐宋。敌古本救围获粮，招降户口甚众。可见人口归属直接牵动外交与军事。

事业 · 亨利·福特《我的生活与工作》

The company was then five years old. The original factory space had been .28 acre. We had employed an average of 311 people in the first year, built 1,708 cars, and had one branch house. In 1908, the factory space had…

公司成立五年时，最初厂房只有0.28英亩，第一年平均雇311人，造了1708辆车，只有一个分支机构。到1908年，厂房扩大到2.65英亩且自有，员工增至1908人，年产6181辆车，分支机构14个。数字说明增长不是靠喊口号，而是厂房、人员、产量、渠道同步扩张。福特列出这些对比，是想让读者看到：企业繁荣是一连串具体指标一起变好，而不是单点爆发。

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