君主论·摘录 96 · 尼可罗·马基雅维利

And if, as I said, it was necessary that the people of Israel should be captive so as to make manifest the ability of Moses; that the Persians should be oppressed by the Medes so as to discover the greatness of the soul of Cyrus; and that the Athenians should be dispersed to illustrate the capabilities of Theseus: then at the present time, in order to discover the virtue of an Italian spirit, it was necessary that Italy should be reduced to the extremity that she is now in, that she should be more enslaved than the Hebrews, more oppressed than the Persians, more scattered than the Athenians; without head, without order, beaten, despoiled, torn, overrun; and to have endured every kind of desolation.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1232
定位：Excerpt 96 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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马基雅维利说，以色列人被奴役，才显出摩西的本事；波斯人被米底人压迫，才显出居鲁士的气魄；雅典人流散，才显出忒修斯的才能。所以现在意大利要显出英雄气概，也得先被逼到绝境：比希伯来人更受奴役，比波斯人更受压迫，比雅典人更流散，无头无秩序，被打被抢被撕裂被践踏，受尽荒凉。他的意思是，极端的苦难不是纯粹的坏事，它像一块磨刀石，能把人的潜能逼出来。但前提是有人愿意站出来，把苦难转化为行动的理由。对今天的人来说，身处低谷时，与其抱怨，不如问自己：这个局面能逼出我什么本事？

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《君主论》最后一章，马基雅维利呼吁美第奇家族统一意大利，用历史典故激励对方。

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