Most of the Berkshire businesses whose results are significantly affected by the economy earned below their potential last year, and that will be true in 2009 as well. Our retailers were hit particularly hard, as were…
Most of the Berkshire businesses whose results are significantly affected by the economy earned below their potential last year, and that will be true in 2009 as well. Our retailers were hit particularly hard, as were…
Adam Smith:The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter XI, Paragraph 648
Adam Smith《The Wealth of Nations》· Book I, Chapter XI · Investing
The whole annual produce of the land and labour of every country, or, what comes to the same thing, the whole price of that annual produce, naturally divides itself, it has already been observed, into three parts; the rent of land, the wages of labour, and the profits of stock; and constitutes a revenue to three different orders of people; to those who live by rent, to those who live by wages, and to those who live by profit. These are the three great, original, and constituent, orders of every civilized society, from whose revenue that of every other order is ultimately derived.
A more difficult decision for us was how to measure the progress of Berkshire versus the S&P. There are good arguments for simply using the change in our stock price. Over an extended period of time, in fact, that is…
Most of the Berkshire businesses whose results are significantly affected by the economy earned below their potential last year, and that will be true in 2009 as well. Our retailers were hit particularly hard, as were…
Charlie Munger《A Lesson on Elementary, Worldly Wisdom As It Relates To Investment Management & Business》· Incentives and human behavior · Human nature · Leadership · Decision
So what makes sense for the investor is different from what makes sense for the manager. And, as usual in human affairs, what determines the behavior are incentives for the decision maker.
Investor and manager interests diverge; incentives drive behavior.
Context
Munger warned that managers' and investors' interests do not always align. How decision makers are measured and rewarded usually explains their behavior better than their public statements. When analyzing a company, look at the incentive structure before the strategy story.
Today's question
In a decision you recently assessed, what actually incentivized the decision maker—and did it align with your goal?
Most of the Berkshire businesses whose results are significantly affected by the economy earned below their potential last year, and that will be true in 2009 as well. Our retailers were hit particularly hard, as were…