Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book II, Chapter I, Paragraph 681

Secondly, it may be employed in the improvement of land, in the purchase of useful machines and instruments of trade, or in such like things as yield a revenue or profit without changing masters, or circulating any further. Such capitals, therefore, may very properly be called fixed capitals.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book II, Chapter I, paragraph 681 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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