Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Chapter IX, Paragraph 1550

The class of proprietors contributes to the annual produce, by the expense which they may occasionally lay out upon the improvement of the land, upon the buildings, drains, inclosures, and other ameliorations, which they may either make or maintain upon it, and by means of which the cultivators are enabled, with the same capital, to raise a greater produce, and consequently to pay a greater rent. This advanced rent may be considered as the interest or profit due to the proprietor, upon the expense or capital which he thus employs in the improvement of his land. Such expenses are in this system called ground expenses (depenses foncieres).

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book IV, Chapter IX, paragraph 1550 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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