Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book V, Chapter II, Paragraph 2026

It is thus that a tax upon the necessaries of life operates exactly in the same manner as a direct tax upon the wages of labour. The labourer, though he may pay it out of his hand, cannot, for any considerable time at least, be properly said even to advance it. It must always, in the long-run, be advanced to him by his immediate employer, in the advanced state of wages. His employer, if he is a manufacturer, will charge upon the price of his goods the rise of wages, together with a profit, so that the final payment of the tax, together with this overcharge, will fall upon the consumer. If his employer is a farmer, the final payment, together with a like overcharge, will fall upon the rent of the landlord.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book V, Chapter II, paragraph 2026 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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