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本杰明·富兰克林：本杰明·富兰克林自传·补录 89
本杰明·富兰克林《本杰明·富兰克林自传》· The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin · 领导
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalogue more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion, bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition. I propos'd to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annex'd to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurr'd to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully express'd the extent I gave to its meaning.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/148
定位：Additional excerpt 89 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
富兰克林读到的道德德目表，各家列的数量不一，因为不同作者把多少不等的含义塞进同一个名称。比如“节制”，有人只限饮食，有人却扩展到节制一切肉体或精神的快乐、欲望、癖好和激情，甚至包括贪婪和野心。为了清楚，他宁可多用几个名称、每个名称少包含些意思，而不是少用名称、每个名称包罗太多。于是他把当时想到的必要或可取的品质归入十三个名称，每个附一句简短箴言，明确界定其范围。这样操作起来更清晰，也更容易逐项检查。
上下文
富兰克林在《自传》中解释他制定十三项美德清单时，为何选择“多名目、少含义”的分类方式。
今日一问
你给自己定的目标是不是太笼统？能不能拆成几个更具体、可检查的小项？
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