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安德鲁·卡内基:安德鲁·卡内基自传·补录 512

安德鲁·卡内基《安德鲁·卡内基自传》· Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie · 领导

In answer to questions as to what I should do, I always pointed out that America had many legislatures, but only one Congress. Britain should follow her example, one Parliament and local legislatures (not parliaments) for Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. These should be made states like New York and Virginia. But as Britain has no Supreme Court, as we have, to decide upon laws passed, not only by state legislatures but by Congress, the judicial being the final authority and not the political, Britain should have Parliament as the one national final authority over Irish measures. Therefore, the acts of the local legislature of Ireland should lie for three months' continuous session upon the table of the House of Commons, subject to adverse action of the House, but becoming operative unless disapproved. The provision would be a dead letter unless improper legislation were enacted, but if there were improper legislation, then it would be salutary. The clause, I said, was needed to assure timid people that no secession could arise.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17976
定位:Additional excerpt 512 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

卡内基建议英国仿效美国:设一个全国议会,爱尔兰、苏格兰、威尔士设地方立法机构(不是议会),像美国的州一样。但英国没有最高法院来裁决法律,所以应由议会作为最终权威。他提出具体机制:爱尔兰地方法案在议会搁置三个月,除非议会反对,否则自动生效。这样既保证地方自治,又防止不当立法和分裂。核心是:用程序保障联合,让胆小的人放心。

上下文

卡内基自传中阐述他对爱尔兰自治的具体制度设计,结合美国经验。

今日一问

你能否设计一个程序,既给地方自主空间,又保留中央的最终否决权?

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