事业 · 创业者自述
亨利·福特:我的生活与工作·补录 309
亨利·福特《我的生活与工作》· My Life and Work · 领导
The belief that an industrial country has to concentrate its industries is not, in my opinion, well-founded. That is only a stage in industrial development. As we learn more about manufacturing and learn to make articles with interchangeable parts, then those parts can be made under the best possible conditions. And these best possible conditions, as far as the employees are concerned, are also the best possible conditions from the manufacturing standpoint. One could not put a great plant on a little stream. One can put a small plant on a little stream, and the combination of little plants, each making a single part, will make the whole cheaper than a vast factory would. There are exceptions, as where casting has to be done. In such case, as at River Rouge, we want to combine the making of the metal and the casting of it and also we want to use all of the waste power. This requires a large investment and a considerable force of men in one place. But such combinations are the exception rather than the rule, and there would not be enough of them seriously to interfere with the process of breaking down the concentration of industry.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7213
定位:Additional excerpt 309 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
福特不同意“工业国必须集中工业”的看法,认为那只是工业发展的一个阶段。随着制造技术进步,产品可以拆成可互换的零件,这些零件能在最佳条件下生产。对工人来说的最佳条件,从制造角度看也是最佳条件。大厂不能建在小溪边,但小厂可以;许多小厂各做一个零件,合起来比一个大厂更便宜。例外是铸造等需要集中处理的环节,比如鲁日河工厂,但这类情况很少,不会严重阻碍工业分散化的趋势。
上下文
福特在20世纪初提出分散工业的设想,与当时主流的大规模集中生产观念形成对比。
今日一问
你所在的组织是否也可以把某些环节拆小、分散?哪些必须集中,哪些可以分散?
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