投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 102
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In those countries where there is abundance of fertile land, but where, from the ignorance, indolence, and barbarism of the inhabitants, they are exposed to all the evils of want and famine, and where it has been said that population presses against the means of subsistence, a very different remedy should be applied from that which is necessary in long settled countries, where, from the diminishing rate of the supply of raw produce, all the evils of a crowded population are experienced. In the one case, the misery proceeds from the inactivity of the people. To be made happier, they need only to be stimulated to exertion; with such exertion, no increase in the population can be too great, as the powers of production are still greater. In the other case, the population increases faster than the funds required for its support. Every exertion of industry, unless accompanied by a diminished rate of increase in the population, will add to the evil, for production cannot keep pace with it.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 102 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
在土地肥沃但居民愚昧懒惰、饱受饥荒之苦的国家，人们常说人口压迫生存资料，但药方应与长期定居国家不同。前者苦难源于人们不活动，只需激励他们努力生产，人口再多也不怕，因为生产力更大。后者人口增长快于维持基金，任何勤劳若不伴随人口增速下降，只会加剧问题，因为生产跟不上。所以，对症下药：前者要激发活力，后者要控制人口增速。
上下文
李嘉图对比两类国家：土地肥沃但居民懒惰的国家与人口过剩的定居国家，提出不同对策。
今日一问
面对贫困问题，你更倾向激发生产活力还是控制人口增速？
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