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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 116
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
If a manufacturer always sold his goods for the same money, for 1000_l._ for example, his profits would depend on the price of the labour necessary to manufacture those goods. His profits would be less when wages amounted to 800_l._ than when he paid only 600_l._ In proportion then as wages rose, would profits fall. But if the price of raw produce would increase, it may be asked, whether the farmer at least would not have the same rate of profits, although he should pay an additional price for wages? Certainly not: for he will not only have to pay, in common with the manufacturer, an increase of wages to each labourer he employs, but he will be obliged either to pay rent, or to employ an additional number of labourers to obtain the same produce; and the rise in the price of raw produce will be proportioned only to that rent, or that additional number, and will not compensate him for the rise of wages.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 116 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
如果制造商总是以同样的价钱出售商品，比如1000镑，那么他的利润就取决于生产这些商品所需的劳动价格。工资为800镑时利润比工资600镑时少。所以工资上涨，利润就下降。但有人会问：农产品价格上涨时，农场主是否至少能保持同样的利润率，尽管他要支付更高的工资？答案是否定的。因为农场主不仅要像制造商一样为每个雇工支付更高的工资，而且要么支付地租，要么雇佣更多工人才能获得同样的产出。农产品涨价只够补偿那部分地租或额外工人，并不能抵消工资上涨带来的损失。所以农场主的利润也会下降。
上下文
李嘉图在比较制造业和农业时，指出农业因土地报酬递减而承受更大压力。
今日一问
你的行业是否也面临成本上升但售价难以同步提高的困境？
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