投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 141
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
If, by the introduction of machinery, the generality of the commodities on which revenue was expended fell 20 per cent. in value, I should be enabled to save as effectually as if my revenue had been raised 20 per cent.; but in one case the rate of profits is stationary, in the other it is raised 20 per cent.--If, by the introduction of cheap foreign goods, I can save 20 per cent. from my expenditure, the effect will be precisely the same as if machinery had lowered the expense of their production, but profits would not be raised.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 141 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
如果机器普及让一般消费品降价两成，我能省下两成的开支，效果和收入涨两成一样；但前者利润率不变，后者利润率提高两成。同样，进口便宜外国货让我省两成开支，效果和机器降低生产成本一样，但利润不会提高。核心是：消费品变便宜，能增加实际购买力，但不等于利润率上升。所以，别把“东西便宜了”和“利润更高了”混为一谈；前者改善生活，后者取决于工资和必要品成本。
上下文
李嘉图区分商品降价与利润率变化，讨论机器和外贸对利润的不同影响。
今日一问
你最近因为商品降价省下的钱，是当成了额外利润，还是只是实际收入增加？
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