投资 · 西方古典

大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 17

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

All the implements necessary to kill the beaver and deer might belong to one class of men, and the labour employed in their destruction might be furnished by another class; still, their comparative prices would be in proportion to the actual labour bestowed, both on the formation of the capital, and on the destruction of the animals. Under different circumstances of plenty or scarcity of capital, as compared with labour, under different circumstances of plenty or scarcity of the food and necessaries essential to the support of men, those who furnished an equal value of capital for either one employment or for the other, might have a half, a fourth, or an eighth of the produce obtained, the remainder being paid as wages to those who furnished the labour; yet this division could not affect the relative value of these commodities, since whether the profits of capital were greater or less, whether they were 50, 20, or 10 per cent., or whether the wages of labour were high or low, they would operate equally on both employments.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 17 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

李嘉图进一步说,捕杀海狸和鹿的工具可能属于一个阶级,而劳动由另一个阶级提供。但它们的相对价格仍与投入的实际劳动成比例,包括制造资本和捕杀动物的劳动。资本与劳动的相对丰裕程度、维持生存的必需品丰裕程度,会影响资本家和劳动者之间的分配比例(如资本家得一半、四分之一或八分之一),但这种分配不影响商品的相对价值。因为无论利润是50%、20%还是10%,无论工资高低,它们对两种生产的影响是相同的。

上下文

李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中论证,资本与劳动的分配比例变化不影响商品的相对价值,相对价值仍由劳动量决定。

今日一问

当收入分配比例变化时,你是否能区分它是对所有行业普遍影响,还是只影响个别商品的相对价格?

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