投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 171
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Although, however, money is subject to such perpetual variations, and consequently the prices of the commodities which are common to most countries, are also subject to considerable difference, yet no effect will be produced on the rate of profits, either from the influx or efflux of money. Capital will not be increased, because the circulating medium is augmented. If the rent paid by the farmer to his landlord, and the wages to his labourers, be 20 per cent. higher in one country than another, and if at the same time the nominal value of the farmer's capital be 20 per cent. more, he will receive precisely the same rate of profits, although he should sell his raw produce 20 per cent. higher.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 171 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
尽管货币不断波动，导致大多数国家共有的商品价格出现显著差异，但货币的流入或流出不会影响利润率。资本不会因为流通媒介增加而增加。假设某国农民支付的地租和工资比另一国高20%，同时他的资本名义价值也高20%，那么即使他出售原产品的价格高20%，他得到的利润率也完全相同。关键在于，利润取决于实际投入与产出的比例，而不是货币数量的多少。因此，分析利润时应该关注实际工资和实际资本，而非名义数字。
上下文
李嘉图在讨论货币波动对利润的影响时，强调名义变量与实际变量的区别，以反驳货币数量决定利润的观点。
今日一问
在评估自己的投资回报时，你是否被名义金额的涨跌迷惑，而忽略了实际购买力的变化？
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