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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 192

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

In England this policy has been neglected, in taxing the probates of wills, in the legacy duty, and in all taxes affecting the transference of property from the dead to the living. If a legacy of 1000_l._ be subject to a tax of 100_l._, the legatee considers his legacy as only 900_l._, and feels no particular motive to save the 100_l._ duty from his expenditure, and thus the capital of the country is diminished; but if he had really received 1000_l._ and had been required to pay 100_l._ as a tax on income, on wine, on horses, or on servants, he would probably have diminished, or rather not increased his expenditure by that sum, and the capital of the country would have been unimpaired.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 192 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

英国在遗产税、遗嘱认证税和所有财产由死者转给生者的税上,忽视了上述政策。比如遗赠1000镑要交100镑税,受遗赠人只把900镑看作自己的,不会特意从开支里省出100镑来交税,国家资本就减少了。但如果他真收到1000镑,再被要求交100镑所得税、酒税、马税或仆役税,他多半会减少或至少不增加相应开支,国家资本就不受损。核心意思是:对转移财产征税容易直接吃掉资本,而对收入或消费征税更容易让人压缩开支。做法是:税制应少征遗产转移税,多从收入或消费中取。

上下文

李嘉图批评英国遗产税和财产转移税,认为这类税直接减少资本,不如所得税或消费税。

今日一问

我是否想过,某些收费方式会直接吃掉本钱,而另一些只是让人少花点?

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