投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 193
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
But this is not the only objection to taxes on the transference of property; they prevent the national capital from being distributed in the way most beneficial to the community. For the general prosperity, there cannot be too much facility given to the conveyance and exchange of all kinds of property, as it is by such means that capital of every species is likely to find its way into the hands of those who will best employ it in increasing the productions of the country. "Why," asks M. Say, "does an individual wish to sell his land? it is because he has another employment in view in which his funds will be more productive. Why does another wish to purchase this same land? it is to employ a capital which brings him in too little, which was unemployed, or the use of which he thinks susceptible of improvement. This exchange will increase the general income, since it increases the income of these parties. But if the charges are so exorbitant as to prevent the exchange, they are an obstacle to this increase of the general income." Those taxes however are easily collected; and this by many may be thought to afford some compensation for their injurious effects.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 193 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
对财产转移征税还有另一个问题：它会阻碍国家资本流向最能发挥效益的地方。要让经济繁荣，财产买卖和交换的手续就该尽量方便，因为资本正是通过这种流动，才能落到最会用它增产的人手里。比如，有人想卖地，是因为他看中了别的投资机会，资金能赚更多；有人想买地，是因为他手头的资本收益太低，或者闲置着，或者他觉得能改进用途。这种交换会让双方收入都增加，从而增加国民收入。但如果税费高得让人不敢交易，就等于堵住了收入增长的路。当然，这种税容易征收，很多人可能觉得这能补偿它的坏处。
上下文
李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论财产转移税，引法国经济学家萨伊的观点，说明交易自由对资本配置的重要性。
今日一问
你身边有没有因为交易成本太高而没能发生的资源优化配置？
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