投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 194
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Having in a former part of this work established, I hope satisfactorily, the principle, that the price of corn is regulated by the cost of its production on that land exclusively, or rather with that capital exclusively, which pays no rent, it will follow that whatever may increase the cost of production will increase the price; whatever may reduce it, will lower the price. The necessity of cultivating poorer land, or of obtaining a less return with a given additional capital on land already in cultivation, will inevitably raise the exchangeable value of raw produce. The discovery of machinery, which will enable the cultivator to obtain his corn at a less cost of production, will necessarily lower its exchangeable value. Any tax which may be imposed on the cultivator, whether in the shape of land-tax, tithes, or a tax on the produce when obtained, will increase the cost of production, and will therefore raise the price of raw produce.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 194 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
前面已经论证过:谷物的价格,是由不交地租的那块地(或那部分资本)的生产成本决定的。所以,凡是增加生产成本的因素,都会推高价格;凡是降低成本的,都会压低价格。要耕种更贫瘠的土地,或者在已耕地上追加资本但收益递减,都必然提高原产品的交换价值。而发明机器能让耕种者以更低成本获得谷物,就必然会降低其交换价值。对耕种者征收的任何税,无论是土地税、什一税,还是对收获物征税,都会增加生产成本,从而抬高原产品的价格。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中阐述级差地租和谷物价格决定机制,这是其分配理论的核心部分。
今日一问
如果对农产品加税,你认为最终会由谁承担?为什么?
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