投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 20
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Economy in the use of labour never fails to reduce the relative value of a commodity, whether the saving be in the labour necessary to the manufacture of the commodity itself, or in that necessary to the formation of the capital, by the aid of which it is produced. In either case the price of stockings would fall, whether there were fewer men employed as bleachers, spinners, and weavers, persons immediately necessary to their manufacture; or as sailors, carriers, engineers, and smiths, persons more indirectly concerned. In the one case, the whole saving of labour would fall on the stockings, because that portion of labour was wholly confined to the stockings; in the other, a portion only would fall on the stockings, the remainder being applied to all those other commodities, to the production of which the buildings, machinery, and carriage, were subservient.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 20 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
节省劳动总会降低商品的相对价值，无论节省的是直接生产该商品的劳动，还是生产其资本品（如机器、厂房）的劳动。比如袜子，如果漂白、纺纱、织布的工人减少，或者造船、运输、工程师、铁匠等间接相关的人减少，袜子价格都会下降。区别在于：直接劳动的节省全部作用于袜子，因为那部分劳动专属于袜子；而间接劳动的节省只有一部分作用于袜子，其余部分会分摊到其他同样使用这些资本品的商品上。所以，劳动节省对单个商品价值的影响程度取决于节省发生在哪个环节。
上下文
李嘉图进一步分析劳动节省对商品价值的影响，区分直接劳动和间接劳动（资本品生产中的劳动）。
今日一问
你所在行业的技术进步，是直接节省了本行业的劳动，还是通过资本品间接节省？
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