投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 21
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
In every society the capital which is employed in production, is necessarily of limited durability. The food and clothing consumed by the labourer, the buildings in which he works, the implements with which his labour is assisted, are all of a perishable nature. There is however a vast difference in the time for which these different capitals will endure: a steam-engine will last longer than a ship, a ship than the clothing of the labourer, and the clothing of the labourer longer than the food which he consumes.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 21 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
任何社会中用于生产的资本都有有限的耐久性。工人消耗的食物和衣物、工作的厂房、使用的工具，都会损耗。但不同资本的寿命差别很大：蒸汽机比船耐久，船比工人的衣物耐久，衣物又比食物耐久。这说明资本不是同质的，有的很快消耗掉，有的能用很久。理解这一点，有助于分析生产过程中资本周转和价值转移的差异。
上下文
李嘉图讨论资本耐久性差异，为区分固定资本和流动资本做铺垫。
今日一问
你工作中使用的工具或设备，属于快速消耗还是长期耐用的资本？
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