投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 231
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
If no tax whatever had been laid on the land, and the same sum had been raised by any other means, agriculture would have flourished at least as well as it has done; for it is impossible that any tax on land can be an encouragement to agriculture; a moderate tax may not, and probably does not, greatly prevent, but it cannot encourage production. The English Government has held no such language as M. Say has supposed. It did not promise to exempt the agricultural class and their successors from all future taxation, and to raise the further supplies which the state might require, from the other classes of society; it said only, "in this mode we will no further burthen the land; but we retain to ourselves the most perfect liberty of making you pay, under some other form, your full quota to the future exigencies of the state."
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 231 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
即使不对土地征任何税，改用其他方式筹集同样金额，农业至少也会一样繁荣；因为任何土地税都不可能鼓励农业，适度的税或许不会严重阻碍生产，但绝不可能促进生产。英国政府并没有像萨伊设想的那样承诺让农业阶级及其后代永久免税、把未来负担全加在其他阶级身上；它只说“我们不再以这种方式增加土地负担，但保留完全自由，让你们以其他形式为未来国家开支缴纳应承担的份额”。所以，特殊免税承诺并不存在，税负公平才是关键。
上下文
李嘉图澄清英国政府并未承诺农业阶级永久免税，反驳萨伊对英国政策的误解。
今日一问
当有人说“某个群体已经免税”时，你会去核实承诺的具体范围和条件吗？
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