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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 234
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
This perhaps would be more particularly the case with respect to a metal used for money, than any other commodity, because the demand for money is not for a definite quantity, as is the demand for clothes, or for food. The demand for money is regulated entirely by its value, and its value by its quantity. If gold were of double the value, half the quantity would perform the same functions in circulation, and if it were of half the value, double the quantity would be required. If the market value of corn be increased one tenth by taxation, or by difficulty of production, it is doubtful, whether any effect whatever would be produced on the quantity consumed, because every man's want is for a definite quantity, and, therefore, if he has the means of purchasing, he will continue to consume as before; but for money, the demand is exactly proportioned to its value. No man could consume twice the quantity of corn, which is usually necessary for his support, but every man purchasing and selling only the same quantity of goods, may be obliged to employ twice, thrice, or any number of times the same quantity of money.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 234 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
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货币金属尤其如此，因为对货币的需求不像对衣服或食物那样有固定数量。货币需求完全由它的价值决定，而价值又由数量决定。如果金价翻倍，一半的金子就能完成同样的流通功能；如果金价减半，就需要双倍的金子。如果谷物因征税或生产困难涨价十分之一，消费量未必会变，因为每个人需要的谷物量是固定的，只要买得起就会照旧消费。但货币不同：没人会消费双倍于自己食量的谷物，可每个人买卖同样数量的商品，却可能不得不用两倍、三倍甚至更多货币。
上下文
李嘉图讨论货币需求与商品需求的区别，说明货币价值由数量决定，需求随价值调整。
今日一问
你能否区分哪些需求有固定数量、哪些需求会随价格或价值灵活调整？
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