投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 235
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
If in consequence of the tax, only one tenth of the present quantity of gold were obtained from the mines, that tenth would be of equal value with the ten tenths now produced. But the King of Spain is not exclusively in possession of the mines of the precious metals; and if he were, his advantage from their possession, and the power of taxation, would be very much reduced by the limitation of demand and consumption in Europe, in consequence of the universal substitution, in a greater or less degree, of paper money. The agreement of the market and natural prices of all commodities, depends at all times on the facility with which the supply can be increased or diminished. In the case of gold, houses, and labour, as well as many other things, this effect cannot, under some circumstances, be speedily produced. But it is different with those commodities which are consumed and reproduced from year to year, such as hats, shoes, corn, and cloth; they may be reduced if necessary, and the interval cannot be long before the supply is contracted in proportion to the increased charge of producing them.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 235 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
如果对金矿征税导致黄金产量只剩十分之一，这十分之一的价值会等于现在全部产量的价值。但西班牙国王并非独占金矿；即便独占，由于欧洲普遍用纸币替代金银，需求与消费受限，他的收益和征税能力也会大减。商品的市场价格与自然价格能否一致，取决于供给能否灵活增减。黄金、房屋、劳动等，供给短期难以迅速调整；而帽子、鞋子、谷物、布匹等年年消费和再生产的商品，供给可以较快缩减，从而适应生产费用的变化。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中讨论征税对价格和供给的影响，以金矿和西班牙国王为例说明供给弹性差异。
今日一问
你所在行业的产品或服务，供给调整是快还是慢？这如何影响税负或成本转嫁？
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