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大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 242
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
A tax on hats will raise the price of hats; a tax on shoes, the price of shoes; if this were not the case, the tax would be finally paid by the manufacturer; his profits would be reduced below the general level, and he would quit his trade. A partial tax on profits will raise the price of the commodity on which it falls: a tax, for example, on the profits of the hatter, would raise the price of hats; for if his profits were taxed, and not those of any other trade, his profits, unless he raised the price of his hats, would be below the general rate of profits, and he would quit his employment for another.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 242 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
对帽子征税会提高帽子价格，对鞋子征税会提高鞋子价格；否则税最终由制造商承担，他的利润低于一般水平，就会退出这个行业。对利润征收部分税也会提高被征税商品的价格：比如只对帽匠的利润征税，帽子价格就会上涨；因为如果只征他的利润而不征其他行业，他的利润除非提高帽子价格，否则就会低于一般利润率，他就会转行。
上下文
李嘉图分析局部征税如何通过利润平均化机制转嫁到价格上。
今日一问
如果只对某个行业加税，你认为该行业会涨价还是萎缩？为什么？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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