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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 244

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

If money be taxed, or if by any other cause its value be altered, and all commodities remain precisely at the same price as before, the profits of the manufacturer and farmer will also be the same as before, they will continue to be 1000_l._; and as they will each have to pay 100_l._ to Government, they will retain only 900_l._, which will give them a less command over the produce of the land and labour of the country, whether they expend it in productive or unproductive labour. Precisely what they lose, Government will gain. In the first case the contributor to the tax would, for 1000_l._, have as great a quantity of goods as he before had for 910_l._; in the second, he would have only as much as he before had for 900_l._ This proceeds from the difference in the amount of the tax; in the first case it is only an eleventh of his income, in the second it is a tenth; money in the two cases being of a different value.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 244 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

如果对货币征税,或货币价值因其他原因改变,而所有商品价格不变,制造商和农场主的利润也照旧是1000镑;但他们各需向政府交100镑,只留下900镑,对全国土地和劳动产品的支配力就变小了,无论用于生产还是非生产消费。他们失去的正是政府得到的。第一种情况下,纳税人用1000镑能买到以前910镑能买的东西;第二种情况下,只能买到以前900镑能买的东西。这源于税额不同:前者是收入的十一分之一,后者是十分之一;两种情况下货币价值不同。

上下文

李嘉图用具体数字说明货币税或货币贬值如何减少实际收入,并区分税额比例。

今日一问

如果政府直接对货币征税,你的实际购买力会如何变化?你能算出比例吗?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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