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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 253
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
"The wages of the inferior classes of workmen," says Adam Smith, "I have endeavoured to shew in the first book, are every where necessarily regulated by two different circumstances; the demand for labour, and the ordinary or average price of provisions. The demand for labour, according as it happens to be either increasing, stationary, or declining, or to require an increasing, stationary, or declining population, regulates the subsistence of the labourer, and determines in what degree it shall be either liberal, moderate, or scanty. The _ordinary or average_ price of provisions determines the quantity of money which must be paid to the workman, in order to enable him one year with another to purchase this liberal, moderate, or scanty subsistence. While the demand for labour, and the price of provisions, therefore remain the same, a direct tax upon the wages of labour can have no other effect than to raise them somewhat higher than the tax."
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 253 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
亚当·斯密说,底层工人的工资由两件事决定:对劳动的需求,以及食品的普通或平均价格。需求在增长、不变还是下降,决定工人能过上宽裕、中等还是紧巴的生活;食品价格则决定工人得拿多少货币才能买到这种生活。所以,只要需求和食品价格不变,对工资直接征税,唯一效果就是工资涨得比税还高一点。李嘉图引用这段话,是想说明工资税会转嫁,不会由工人真正承担。
上下文
李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论工资税,引亚当·斯密《国富论》第一编的观点。
今日一问
如果对工资征税,你觉得最终是谁在买单?为什么?
公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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