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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 262

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

The error of Adam Smith proceeds in the first place from supposing, that all taxes paid by the farmer must necessarily fall on the landlord, in the shape of a deduction from rent. On this subject I have explained myself most fully, and I trust that it has been shewn, to the satisfaction of the reader, that since much capital is employed on the land which pays no rent, and since it is the result obtained by this capital which regulates the price of raw produce, no deduction can be made from rent; and consequently either no remuneration will be made to the farmer for a tax on wages, or if made, it must be made by an addition to the price of raw produce.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 262 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

亚当·斯密的错误在于,他认为农民交的税一定会以减少地租的形式落到地主头上。但李嘉图指出,土地上有很多资本不交地租,而正是这些资本产出的结果决定农产品价格。所以地租无法被扣除。因此,对工资征税后,农民要么得不到补偿,要么只能通过提高农产品价格来补偿。这说明税负归宿不是简单地从农民转给地主,而要看价格如何决定。

上下文

李嘉图在书中多处批评亚当·斯密的税负理论,这里针对农民税负归宿。

今日一问

你是否会不加检验地接受权威观点,而忽略其中的前提假设?

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