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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 270

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

Now as Dr. Smith does not contend that the tanner, the salt-maker, the soap-maker, and the candle-maker, will either of them be benefited by the tax on leather, salt, soap, and candles; and as it is certain, that government will receive no more than the tax imposed, it is impossible to conceive, that more can be paid by the public upon whomsoever the tax may fall. The rich consumers may, and indeed will, pay for the poor consumer, but they will pay no more than the whole amount of the tax; and it is not in the nature of things, that "the tax should be repeated and accumulated four or five times."

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 270 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

李嘉图反驳“税会重复累积四五倍”的说法。斯密自己也不认为制革匠、制盐匠、制皂匠和制烛匠会因皮革、盐、肥皂、蜡烛税而受益;政府收到的也只是税额本身。所以,无论税最终落在谁头上,公众支付的总量不可能超过税额。富消费者可能会替穷消费者付税,但他们付的也不会超过总税额。税不会在流通过程中像滚雪球一样越滚越大。核心是:税收的总负担有上限,就是政府收走的那个数;转嫁只是改变谁付,不改变付多少。

上下文

李嘉图在讨论税收转嫁时,反驳税收会层层累积的观点,强调税负总额有限。

今日一问

你相信“税会层层加码”的说法吗?有没有想过税负总额其实有上限?

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